Large Foursquare Roots

In C1, the non-calculator Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 marking module, my pupils sometimes perish stuck solving quadratic equations that are difficult to factorise. This powerfulness live because the leading coefficient is greater than i (see my earlier post) or it may but live because the numbers inward the quadratic are large.  I commonly propose that they persevere amongst factorising, but if they convey to resort to using the quadratic formula in addition to thence they may require to foursquare origin a large foursquare number. Here's roughly uncomplicated ideas for how to create thence - inward this representative I'm finding the foursquare origin of 324, though these methods run every bit good for larger foursquare numbers.


Note that if the quadratic equation can't live factorised inward the commencement house in addition to thence nosotros tin either purpose the formula or consummate the foursquare to solve it, in addition to nosotros volition halt upwards amongst a surd inward our lastly answer.  My adjacent post service is all close didactics surds!


Surds

Surds - what a fabulous theme to teach! I honey the abundance of resources available in addition to I’ve listed roughly of my favourites below.

Two things I ever create when didactics surds:
  • Pupils listing the starting fourth dimension twelve foursquare numbers inward their books for reference throughout the lesson. They demand to readily recognise foursquare numbers inward guild to simplify surds in addition to then the to a greater extent than they practice listing them, the better.
  • When manipulating expressions containing surds (eg expanding brackets) I brand comparisons to what they already know close algebra. For representative √2 in addition to √3 tin hold upwards regard of inward the same means as x in addition to y (ie non ‘like terms’) whereas 2√3 in addition to 5√3 tin hold upwards regard of inward the same means as 2x in addition to 5x (ie nosotros tin add together them to larn 7√3).

The NCETM suggests a distich of prissy ‘hooks’ for getting started didactics surds:
  • Ask pupils to notice a means of drawing a occupation alongside a length of precisely √5 units (the hypotenuse of a correct angled triangle alongside sides 2cm in addition to 1cm) 
  • Ask pupils to split the length of an A4 slice of newspaper past times its width. Repeat for A3 in addition to A5. What create they notice? (The response is ever √2)
This blog post has some to a greater extent than ideas for introducing the concept of surds. And I similar this on the history of surds.

Resources
Here’s roughly bully didactics resources (there's hundreds to a greater extent than online). Most of these travel as good at GCSE in addition to Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 level:

For a lovely laid of surds problems, run into my Problem Sets page.

Finally, if you're looking for something actually creative, cheque out this Wheel of Theodorus Art Project.



Edit 29/12/14: Thanks to @runningtstitch for suggesting an choice method for simplifying surds:



Linear Simultaneous Equations

Solving linear simultaneous equations is rather satisfying. In this postal service I advise unopen to techniques as well as resources for pedagogy this topic.

Equality as well as Lincoln
When I saw the cinema Lincoln I was struck yesteryear Abraham Lincoln’s reference to Euclid’s First Axiom ‘Things which are equal to the same affair are also equal to 1 another’. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 well-made indicate inwards a tidings nigh racial equality, but also an interesting claw into a method for solving simultaneous equations such as
y = 4x + 6
y = 2x + 3
Both 4x + vi as well as 2x + three are equal to y, hence logically nosotros convey 4x + vi = 2x + three (this is essentially simply a exchange method). Why non demo this this blog gives a proficient explanation of Lincoln's point)

Elimination as well as 'SSS'
When solving simultaneous equations yesteryear elimination, my pupils uncovering it real tardily to shout out back the ‘SSS’ dominion ie ‘Same Sign Subtract’. For example, inwards the equations 3x + 5y = 59; 2x + 5y = 56, this dominion says that because the 5y inwards each equation is positive (‘same sign’), we subtract one equation from the other.

However, I noticed that when solving simultaneous equations such every 2nd -3x + 5y = 41; 2x + 5y = 56, unopen to pupils saw that the -3x as well as the 2x were different signs as well as incorrectly decided that this meant they should add the 2 equations. So it’s worth clarifying which signs nosotros are referring to inwards the ‘Same Sign Subtract’/’Different Sign Add’ approach.

Graphical Solutions
It’s as well as then of import for pupils empathise that whenever they solve linear simultaneous equations, they are inwards fact finding the indicate of intersection of 2 conduct lines. It’s essential to put a query involving parallel lines (eg solve 3x + 4y = 10; 6x + 8y = 15) as well as decease them thinking nigh why at that spot are no solutions.  I similar to demo them this cute picture too.

Wordy Equations
This is 1 of my favourite simultaneous equation questions: “A zoo has several ostriches as well as several giraffes. In full they convey xxx eyes as well as 44 legs. How many ostriches as well as how many giraffes are inwards the zoo?”. Make certain yous discourage pupils from using the missive of the alphabet O for ostrich, because it looks similar a zero.

Resources
There's lots of resources online – here’s a few I’ve picked out:

A Percentages Trick

Just a quick post service today to portion a groovy tip:

You tin rate notice swap the per centum as well as the amount:  16% of £25 is hard to calculate inwards your head, just 25% of £16 is exactly the same amount.

So if you lot desire to speedily function out 16% of £25 without a calculator, honour 25% of £16 instead (ie split £16 past times 4). Simple!

Think most why this works.

Radians

Radians scare my Year 12s. They oftentimes select to 'think' inwards degrees together with only convert their answers into radians. I wonder if I could produce a meliorate undertaking of introducing the concept.  I've only discovered this animation that is hence absolutely fantastic, I had to part it.
I works life it inwards this blog post but it originated here.  Both are worth a read.  

I honey this post service 'Degrees vs Radians' which presents an opened upward missive of the alphabet to students wondering, “Why Do We Use Radians Instead of Degrees?”.  

Colin Beveridge has rigid feelings on the discipline - both teachers together with students would produce goodness from reading his post service 'Why Radians Rock (and Degrees Don't)', inwards which he convinces the reader of the unquestionable benefits of using radians.

Next Level Maths has a dainty explanation of radians, including an interactive activity.

Incidentally, if you're excited past times animations together with hence yous mightiness similar the other animations inwards this article '7 Animated GIFs That Will Make You Instantly Understand Trigonometry'.


Multiplication As Well As Colour

This uncomplicated persuasion shows how of import it is to role unlike colours when writing on the board - no affair what topic you're teaching.  It actually helps pupils decease along rails of what you're doing.



Trial As Well As Improvement

In this post I desire to address a mutual misconception that comes upward when instruction case too improvement. Here's an representative which illustrates the problem:

These trials say us that the solution is betwixt 2.1 too 2.2. The inquiry requires an response to 1 decimal place, too then our concluding solution volition last either 2.1 or 2.2.

At this betoken it looks similar our solution volition last 2.1, because x = 2.1 gives us the closest response to five. But this is a cubic function, non a linear function, too then this is an incorrect supposition (and a mutual misconception alongside students).

We must similar a shot banking corporation jibe the midpoint of 2.1 too 2.2:
Let’s depict our in conclusion iii trials on a set out line:

We tin come across that the solution must prevarication betwixt 2.15 too 2.2.  All values betwixt 2.15 too 2.2 circular to 2.2, hence our concluding response must last 2.2. 

You tin come across hither that it was absolutely necessary to banking corporation jibe x = 2.15. And non merely because you'd lose a grade inward a GCSE for failing to banking corporation jibe it! You could plot the function, every bit shown below (use Desmos - it's fantastic!) too zoom inward on the solution to aid your pupils sympathise this point.


I got this representative from this weblog post.

Resources
While I'm on the dependent patch of case too improvement, let's receive got a quick await at a few instruction resources: